THE SHAPING OF CRIME: HISTORICAL CONTEXT & DETERMINANTS

Abstract

This research explores the socio-economic and psychological factors influencing criminal behavior in Pakistan, particularly in Karachi. Crime is a persistent concern that creates insecurity and disrupts societal norms, prompting the need for a comprehensive understanding of its causes and consequences. By analyzing various definitions of crime from prominent scholars, the study identifies its multifaceted nature, influenced by cultural, economic, and demographic factors. Key socio-economic constraints such as unemployment, poverty, and inflation are examined as significant contributors to criminal behavior. The study also highlights psychological dimensions, particularly the traits of extroversion and introversion, as influential in determining individuals' propensity for crime. Through an eclectic approach, the research aims to provide empirical evidence linking crime rates to socio-economic conditions in Pakistan, filling a notable gap in the existing literature. Ultimately, the study seeks to develop policy recommendations to mitigate crime and its socio-economic repercussions, emphasizing the importance of understanding the complex interplay between economic conditions and criminal behavior in the region.