MULTIPLE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HUMAN HEALTH IN SINDH

Abstract

Climate change has emerged as a significant threat to human health globally, with its impacts being particularly pronounced in vulnerable regions like Sindh, Pakistan. This study explores the multifaceted effects of climate change on public health in Sindh, focusing on extreme weather events, temperature fluctuations, water scarcity, and vector-borne diseases. Rising temperatures are contributing to an increase in heat-related illnesses, such as heatstroke, while erratic rainfall patterns and droughts are exacerbating water shortages, leading to poor sanitation and the spread of waterborne diseases like cholera and diarrhea. Furthermore, changes in the climate are altering the distribution of vectors, notably mosquitoes, increasing the incidence of diseases such as malaria and dengue. The study also highlights the disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and rural communities, who face heightened risks due to limited access to healthcare and adaptive resources. The practical outcomes of these practices are evaluated through a qualitative approach that incorporates semi structured interviews from N=10 which have extensive knowledge from the region of Tharparkar, Hyderabad and Karachi who are aged between 25to 40 years. Through a comprehensive analysis of health data, climate patterns, and field surveys, this research aims to underscore the urgent need for effective public health interventions and climate adaptation strategies to mitigate the growing health crisis in Sindh. The findings emphasize that addressing climate change is not only an environmental challenge but also a critical public health priority