HYGIENE CHRONICLES OF PAKISTAN: RURAL-URBAN DISPARITIES

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the disparities in hygiene practices between rural and urban populations in Pakistan, focusing on factors influencing these differences. A descriptive and comparative research design was used, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected from 500 participants (250 urban and 250 rural) using structured surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus  group discussions. The results revealed that urban populations exhibited better hygiene practices, with greater access to clean water, sanitation, and education compared to rural populations. Factors such as income, education, and infrastructure significantly influenced hygiene behaviors. The study concluded that addressing these disparities requires targeted interventions, including improved access to clean water, enhanced sanitation facilities, and better hygiene education in rural areas. Recommendations include prioritizing rural sanitation, promoting hygiene education, strengthening public health campaigns, addressing socioeconomic inequalities, and fostering community-driven initiatives for sustainable improvement in hygiene practices.