A DEGLOBALISING WORLD: TURBULENCE IN THE WORLD ORDER AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN

Abstract

The global environment is transitioning through an era of uncertainty and a pervasive flux. The fostering of globalisation that converted the polar world in more networked village seem to be going through a phase of a hard reset viewed in the form of an onset of “deglobalisation” also referred to as “slowbalisation”. The phenomena of deglobalisation is mostly evaluated on the bases of ret-rogation in economic, trade and interconnectedness indicators. Using both qualitative and exploratory research methods, the study examines whether deglobalisation is an emerging reality by analyzing deglobalisation phenomena from a more geopolitical prism rather than a geo-economics lens. The theoretical framework thus uses the classical IR theories of liberalism and realism to debunk the myth or reality of deglobalisation. The liberalist viewpoints underscore the erosion of international institutions and the diminishing interdependence among nations while the realist perspectives highlight the strategic power shifts and national security concerns prompting states to prioritize sovereignty over global cooperation. The paper also posits to unpack the implications of deglobalisation across the globe in general and global south i.e developing and underdeveloped countries that heavily depend on supply of raw material and human resource for the developed north facing demographic decline. The paper would also derive the implications on international security architecture especially narrowing it down to its consequences on national security interest of Pakistan. It explores how shifts in global trade, investment patterns, and geopolitical alliances affect Pakistan's economy, political stability, and regional influence. The findings aim to provide a nuanced understanding of how deglobalisation shapes the future for countries like Pakistan, balancing national interests with the challenges of a transforming world order.